Rental Deposit in Vietnam: What the Civil Code Says (2026)
Under Vietnam's Civil Code, if the lease is concluded and carried out, the deposit is returned to you or deducted from a payment you owe. If you refuse to conclude or perform the lease, the landlord keeps it. Only if the landlord refuses to conclude or perform it must they return the deposit plus an equal amount, unless otherwise agreed.
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One article of Vietnam’s Civil Code sets the default rule for what happens to your rental deposit, and the same rule binds you and your landlord.
If your landlord keeps the money after a lease that was performed, the Civil Code rule is still the lease-performed outcome described below, which is that the deposit is returned or deducted. The “plus an equal amount” rule applies only when the landlord refuses to conclude or perform the lease.
What a deposit legally is
Đặt cọc là việc một bên (sau đây gọi là bên đặt cọc) giao cho bên kia (sau đây gọi là bên nhận đặt cọc) một khoản tiền hoặc kim khí quý, đá quý hoặc vật có giá trị khác (sau đây gọi chung là tài sản đặt cọc) trong một thời hạn để bảo đảm giao kết hoặc thực hiện hợp đồng.
A deposit is one party (the depositor) handing over to the other party (the deposit-receiver) a sum of money, or precious metal, gemstones or other valuable property, for a period, to secure the conclusion or the performance of a contract.
Bộ luật Dân sự 91/2015/QH13, Điều 328 khoản 1

What happens to the deposit — the rule that cuts both ways
This one clause sets a rule for three outcomes: the lease goes ahead, you refuse it, or the landlord refuses it.
Trường hợp hợp đồng được giao kết, thực hiện thì tài sản đặt cọc được trả lại cho bên đặt cọc hoặc được trừ để thực hiện nghĩa vụ trả tiền;
nếu bên đặt cọc từ chối việc giao kết, thực hiện hợp đồng thì tài sản đặt cọc thuộc về bên nhận đặt cọc;
nếu bên nhận đặt cọc từ chối việc giao kết, thực hiện hợp đồng thì phải trả cho bên đặt cọc tài sản đặt cọc và một khoản tiền tương đương giá trị tài sản đặt cọc, trừ trường hợp có thoả thuận khác.
If the contract is concluded and performed, the deposit is returned to you or deducted to perform the obligation to pay. If you refuse to conclude or perform it, the deposit belongs to the landlord. If the landlord refuses to conclude or perform it, they must return the deposit plus an equal amount, unless otherwise agreed.
Bộ luật Dân sự 91/2015/QH13, Điều 328 khoản 2
If the lease goes ahead as agreed
When the lease is concluded and carried out, the deposit is returned to you or applied toward money you owe. Article 328 names both outcomes but does not say who chooses between them or set a deadline for returning the money.
If you refuse to go through with the lease
If you are the one who walks away, the deposit belongs to the landlord. In the Civil Code text, “unless otherwise agreed” sits at the end of the sentence on a landlord who refuses. Read your own deposit agreement for any different term on any of the three outcomes.
If the landlord refuses to conclude or perform the lease
When the landlord is the one who refuses, they must return the deposit plus an equal amount on top, unless otherwise agreed. That rule covers a landlord who refuses to conclude or perform the lease itself, not one who keeps the money after a lease that was performed.
Contract deposit vs rental-asset deposit: two different deposits
Ký cược là việc bên thuê tài sản là động sản giao cho bên cho thuê một khoản tiền hoặc kim khí quý, đá quý hoặc vật có giá trị khác (sau đây gọi chung là tài sản ký cược) trong một thời hạn để bảo đảm việc trả lại tài sản thuê.
The lessee of movable property hands over to the lessor a sum of money, or precious metal, gemstones or other valuable property, for a period, to secure the return of the leased property.
Bộ luật Dân sự 91/2015/QH13, Điều 329 khoản 1
A rental-asset deposit applies specifically when the leased property is movable, but houses and construction works attached to land are immovable property under the Civil Code. That makes a deposit on a home lease a contract deposit under Article 328.
The table below applies to leased movable property, not to a home.
| Outcome | Rental-asset deposit rule |
|---|---|
| Leased property returned | Lessee gets the deposited property back after paying rent due |
| Lessee doesn’t return the property | Lessor has the right to claim back the leased property |
| Leased property no longer exists | The deposited property belongs to the lessor |
Is there a legal cap on how big a rental deposit can be?
The Real Estate Business Law does set a deposit percentage cap, but for a different transaction.
Chủ đầu tư dự án bất động sản chỉ được thu tiền đặt cọc không quá 5% giá bán, cho thuê mua nhà ở, công trình xây dựng, phần diện tích sàn xây dựng trong công trình xây dựng từ bên đặt cọc để mua, thuê mua khi nhà ở, công trình xây dựng đã có đủ các điều kiện đưa vào kinh doanh theo quy định của Luật này.
A real estate project investor may only collect a deposit of no more than 5% of the sale or hire-purchase price of housing, construction works or floor area in a construction work, from the depositor buying or hire-purchasing it, once the housing or construction work meets the conditions to be put into business under this Law.
Luật Kinh doanh bất động sản 29/2023/QH15, Điều 23 khoản 5
That cap governs a real estate project investor taking a deposit to sell or hire-purchase housing or construction works. It is a percentage of the sale or hire-purchase price, not of monthly rent, and it does not mention a landlord’s deposit for a lease. Article 328, the deposit article, does not mention any cap either.
Handing the home back when you move out
Bên thuê phải trả lại tài sản thuê trong tình trạng như khi nhận, trừ hao mòn tự nhiên hoặc theo đúng như tình trạng đã thoả thuận; nếu giá trị của tài sản thuê bị giảm sút so với tình trạng khi nhận thì bên cho thuê có quyền yêu cầu bồi thường thiệt hại, trừ hao mòn tự nhiên.
You must return the leased property in a condition similar to when you received it, except for natural wear and tear, or in the condition you agreed to; if its value has diminished compared with when you received it, the landlord can claim compensation for the damage, except for natural wear and tear.
Bộ luật Dân sự 91/2015/QH13, Điều 482 khoản 1
The landlord cannot claim for natural wear and tear, and Article 482 covers compensation for damage without mentioning the deposit. Other lease-ending scenarios are covered in rental contract notarising rules.
Where to take a deposit dispute
You have two routes: grassroots mediation or a court claim.
Grassroots mediation
Việc hòa giải ở cơ sở được tiến hành đối với các mâu thuẫn, tranh chấp, vi phạm pháp luật, trừ các trường hợp sau đây: a) Mâu thuẫn, tranh chấp xâm phạm lợi ích của Nhà nước, lợi ích công cộng; b) Vi phạm pháp luật về hôn nhân và gia đình, giao dịch dân sự mà theo quy định của pháp luật tố tụng dân sự không được hòa giải; c) Vi phạm pháp luật mà theo quy định phải bị truy cứu trách nhiệm hình sự hoặc bị xử lý vi phạm hành chính; d) Mâu thuẫn, tranh chấp khác không được hòa giải ở cơ sở theo quy định pháp luật.
Grassroots mediation is carried out for disputes, conflicts and legal violations, except: disputes that infringe State or public interests; violations of marriage-and-family or civil-transaction law that civil procedure law does not allow to be mediated; violations requiring criminal prosecution or administrative sanction; and other disputes the law bars from grassroots mediation.
Luật Hòa giải ở cơ sở 35/2013/QH13, Điều 3 khoản 1
Mediation is voluntary: the law respects the parties’ will and does not force or impose it on them. The law defines the parties as individuals, groups of individuals, families, groups of families and organisations in a dispute, and that definition does not mention nationality.
What changes from 1 March 2027
A new Law on Grassroots Mediation takes effect on 1 March 2027. The current law expires from that date, and mediation cases not yet finished by then continue under the current law. For a deposit dispute, the signed text of the new law says:
- Mediation stays voluntary: it respects the parties’ will and does not force or impose it on them.
- The civil-transaction exception is reworded: the new text excludes disputes arising from a civil transaction that violates a legal prohibition or social morality.
- The current text instead refers to civil-transaction violations that civil procedure law does not allow to be mediated.
- Mediation is conducted in Vietnamese, and the parties may choose, propose or ask to change the interpreter.
- A mediation team is a self-governing body of local residents set up in a village or residential group.
- A party may ask the competent People’s Court to recognise a successful mediation result.
A court claim
A court claim has a deadline.
Thời hiệu khởi kiện để yêu cầu Tòa án giải quyết tranh chấp hợp đồng là 03 năm, kể từ ngày người có quyền yêu cầu biết hoặc phải biết quyền và lợi ích hợp pháp của mình bị xâm phạm.
The limitation period for a request to a court to resolve a contract dispute is 3 years, from the date you knew or should have known your lawful right was infringed.
Bộ luật Dân sự 91/2015/QH13, Điều 429
The text does not name the event that starts the clock in a deposit dispute. Counting from the date the money was due back or the landlord’s first refusal, whichever came first, is the cautious choice.
If your landlord is also overcharging you on utilities, see the legal electricity price and water price rules. More on renting in Da Nang is in the living section.
Not confirmed: Which court takes a deposit dispute in Da Nang after the recent court reorganisation: ask its reception desk before filing. Who chooses between refund and deduction, and any return deadline: not in the Civil Code, so agree both in writing. Whether a local mediation team accepts a case with a foreign party: ask the ward justice officer.
Common questions
Can my landlord in Vietnam just keep my deposit?
If the lease was concluded and performed, the deposit is returned to you or deducted from a payment you owe. It belongs to the landlord if you refuse to conclude or perform the lease. If the landlord is the one who refuses to conclude or perform it, they must return the deposit plus an equal amount, unless otherwise agreed.
What's the difference between a contract deposit (đặt cọc) and a rental-asset deposit (ký cược)?
A contract deposit secures the conclusion or performance of a contract with money or other valuables. A rental-asset deposit specifically secures the return of a rented movable asset. Houses and construction works attached to land are immovable property, so a deposit on a home lease is a contract deposit.
Is there a limit on how big a rental deposit can be in Vietnam?
Article 328 of the Civil Code, the deposit article, does not mention any cap on the amount. The 5% cap in the Real Estate Business Law applies to a real estate project investor taking a deposit to sell or hire-purchase housing, not to renting a home.
How long do I have to sue if my landlord won't return my deposit?
You have three years from the date you knew or should have known your right was infringed, which is the limitation period for a court claim over a contract dispute. Counting from the date the money was due back or the landlord's first refusal, whichever came first, is the cautious choice.
Can I resolve a deposit dispute without going to court?
Grassroots mediation, run by a local mediation team set up in a village or residential group, is available for disputes and legal violations. Exceptions include State or public-interest matters, criminal or administrative violations, and violations civil procedure law does not allow to be mediated. It is voluntary, and a new Law on Grassroots Mediation takes effect on 1 March 2027.
Do I pay for normal wear and tear when I move out?
No. You must return the leased property in the condition you received it, except for natural wear and tear, or in the condition you agreed. If its value has dropped compared with when you received it, the landlord can claim compensation, except for natural wear and tear.
Read next
- Rental Contract in Vietnam: Does a Foreigner's Lease Need Notarising? (2026)Verified
- Landlord Charging Too Much for Electricity in Vietnam? Here's the Legal Price (2026)Verified
- Da Nang Water Price Per m3 (2026): Official Tiers and the Tenant RuleVerified
- Digital Nomad Da Nang: Where to Live, Rent, SIM, InternetVerified
Sources and reader comments
Official legal texts (Gazette, government portals):
- Bộ luật Dân sự số 91/2015/QH13 — bản gốc ký ban hành (Điều 1–365), Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (opens in a new tab)
- Bộ luật Dân sự số 91/2015/QH13 — phần tiếp theo (Điều 366–689), Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (opens in a new tab)
- Luật Kinh doanh bất động sản số 29/2023/QH15 — bản gốc ký ban hành, Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (opens in a new tab)
- Luật Hòa giải ở cơ sở số 16/2026/QH16 — bản ký ban hành, Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (vanban.chinhphu.vn, docid 219484) (opens in a new tab)
- Luật Hòa giải ở cơ sở số 35/2013/QH13 — bản gốc ký ban hành, Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ (opens in a new tab)
General information checked against the sources listed above, not legal advice for your situation. Rules and office practice change; confirm with the immigration office or a licensed adviser before you act. See how guides are checked.
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Comments (5)
SneakyCatFarts007
How do you pay rent/security deposit? Hi, we are just starting to look for a place to rent long term. How do you normally go about paying rent and security deposits? Is it just the QR code bank transfer (we use Moreta Pay) or do we need to set something else up in advance? We've realised that good properties go really fast so we want to be ready to pay when we find something suitable. Thanks everyone!
FavesGuide
We’ve do e Wise Bank Transfer and used Moreta Pay (QR app) - with fees / exchange rate they both come out similar cost. Many times they’ve tried to get cash from us, but I prefer to pay these large amounts online.
Patient-Roof1622
Rental Deposits Anyone else finding that agents are requesting two months deposit and two months rent up front? This is for a six month rental for stand alone home.
2 replies
PatrickAshmanSucks
That might be a lot to you but it is pretty normal to ask for 3 months at a time plus damage deposit
LowKeyRational
A standard practice is a one-month deposit plus the first month’s rent upfront. For short-term contracts, payment is usually made monthly. For longer leases (6 months or 1 year), landlords may ask for up to three months’ rent upfront, but that’s typically it. And you should never pay agents — the landlord covers their fee.